An international research group led by the Centenary Institute has developed a world-first genetic risk score (GRS) test able to identify patients at high risk of developing alcohol-related cirrhosis.
Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) is responsible for approximately 300,000 deaths each year worldwide.
The researchers found that a high GRS from the test of excessive alcohol consumers meant a three-fold increase in cirrhosis risk. The presence of diabetes together with a high GRS increased the cirrhosis risk among drinkers more than 10-fold.
Clinical associate professor Devanshi Seth, the head of the Centenary Institute’s Alcoholic Liver Disease Research Program and joint senior author of the study, said that only a minority of high-risk drinkers - approximately 10-15 per cent - actually end up developing alcohol-induced cirrhosis. However, until now there had been no way to identify those at-risk individuals.
“Our GRS test lets us identify at-risk individuals at an early stage enabling the application of focused interventions. Evidence suggests that even just informing excessive drinkers that they have an increased cirrhosis risk may motivate them to reduce their alcohol intake, helping prevent serious disease,” said Clinical Associate Professor Seth.
Dr John Whitfield from QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute and lead author of the study said the test had been developed by examining samples from patients with and without alcohol-related cirrhosis, but all with a history of heavy alcohol consumption.
“This was classified as men consuming more than 80 grams (8 standard drinks) of alcohol daily and women more than 50 grams daily, both for a time period of ten or more years.”
“Risk scores were computed by the analysis of up to eight gene variations and three clinical risk factors (including type 2 diabetes) associated with alcohol-related cirrhosis,” said Dr Whitfield said.
“We’ve shown that a GRS based on only three genetic risk variants plus diabetes status can be extremely meaningful in determining overall cirrhosis risk. Our test will allow for early and personalised management of high-risk patients,” said Clinical Associate Professor Seth.
The study, published in the Journal of Hepatology, was undertaken by the multi-national GenomALC Consortium with USA co-lead Dr Timothy R Morgan from the Southern California Institute of Research and Education; and funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) a part of the US National Institutes of Health.